Introducing Need Help to Writing a Research Paper

Introducing Need Help to Writing a Research Paper The One Thing to Do for Need Help to Writing a Research Paper There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Our writers have a fantastic history in providing the requested essays in time. Also, there's a site Pledge Music that's a popular crowdfunding platform for modern musicians. Want to communicate with different scientists about the information which you require a professional custom writing service. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. When you come to us to acquire online essay help, we make sure that you receive complete satisfaction with regard to the caliber of the essay, its cost and promptness in customer services. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Make sure you include sources that are required by your instructor. Looking for a trustworthy essay writing service is an excruciating job, especially when you have to get cheap essays online of academic quality. When the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. Our talented writer s can deal with nearly every kind of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics troubles and much more. Research indeed is a time-consuming procedure, so it's in your best interests to select a topic that kindles your intellectual abilities as opposed to clouding it. It is a fundamental part of almost every profession. Research papers may become a nightmare if some of the fundamental steps aren't followed properly. Education research papers are a few points your research. As far as you're able to see, there's nothing hard in writing the research paper. As soon as you know what kind of research paper you ought to be writing, you will need to locate a topic. It is possible to also compose an abstract of your research paper in the start of your research paper. Writing a research paper is the most crucial portion of our research procedure. Until you're in a position to finish the above procedure, it is probable you have not yet thought critically enough about the paper. You also ought to know what sort of paper you ought to be writing. Now you are all set to compose the very best paper that will enhance your mark. For example, if your paper a part of your thesis or dissertation, then you need to have it professionally edited. Need Help to Writing a Research Paper Explained There's no limit to the methods by which you are able to collect data but you must continue to keep your sample size as small as it is possible to handle in your research. Think how to create your work distinctive and eye-catching. Scholars and arranged in order if you may get all the needed details. Read as much as possible about your subject. Review of Related Studies places our investigating to define current data and information concerning the preceding research papers. Make the last outline for your research paper that's more complex because each topic in it ought to be split into several subtopics. For instance, if you're doing a research paper on Kant, begin with the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to find some background details. Writing a research paper can be hard. The important goal of introduction is to introduce to the reader the goal of your research. It is to only show readers data that is directly related to the key message of your manuscript. It is important to note you could alter your topic or focus dependent on the info you come along when conducting the research. Conducting research on various scientific, technical or societal facets or phenomena is a fundamental part of educational course of action. If you compose an article for a scientific journal, your readers will likely have a certain academic background, so there's absolutely no need to spell out the fundamentals. There is in fact no quick way out of writing. The second thing that you ought to do is choose a topic. Picking an excellent topic is a completely major discussion and should be well understood before you really begin searching for it.

Research Methodologies - 632 Words

Research Methodologies In selecting a research methodology, researchers must approach the subject matter with consideration of that which is desired as a data outcome. In light of this, the most commonly used methodologies are quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. The quantitative study is usually defined so as a result of a clearly delineated range of numerical scales, sets or representations designed to concretely define the findings of the resultant research. By its hypothesis and its methodology, this study will be required to employ a process which is geared toward empirically defensible findings. The determinism of numerical evaluation is widely considered less vulnerable to individual biases unless it can be deduced that such bias informed the composition of the equation methodology. Qualitative analysis essentially places a heavier demand upon the involvement of the researcher in designing the frame for data analysis and the manner in which this analysis is carried out . This means that the qualitative research must plumb through a considerable amount of research and data in order to whittle down observational findings to a set of relevant and useful resolutions. And indeed, after the processes of observation and information gathering, it can be both time-consuming and intellectually taxing to reduce these findings to the most meaningful and relevant indicators available. This difficulty is further intensified by the inherently complicated task of clearlyShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodologies966 Words   |  4 PagesReserve (AFR) medical unit offers various problems and possible solutions for research and study as we continue into the 21st century. However, research methodologies and the availability of information offers opportunities into understanding and gaining knowledge pertaining to leadership, management and the culture as it pertains to the organization. This paper will delve into the qualitative aspect of research methodology and the methods of literature reviews and surveys as tools for gather informationRead MoreResearch Methodology For The Research1255 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction In doing the research, the methodology must be appropriate so that the analysis findings could reach the objective. Research methodology proposed one procedure in order way to be follow to answer all the questions in the research that want to be made. Quoted by Denzin and Lincoln (1994), methodology is a process that related with research objective and data. In the others word, it is early research planning that include the research scope, data collectionRead MoreResearch Methodology1700 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿An overview of Research Methodology Research defines as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic . In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. The term research refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a hypothesis , collecting the facts or data , analyzing the facts and reaching the certain conclusions either in the form of solutions toward the concerned problems or in certain generalizations forRead MoreResearch Methodology16940 Words   |  68 PagesRESEARCH METHODOLOGY S. Rajasekar School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli – 620 024, Tamilnadu, Indiaâˆâ€" P. Philominathan Department of Physics, Sri AVVM Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur – 613 503, Tamilnadu, India V. Chinnathambi Department of Physics, AKGS Arts College, Srivaikundam – 628 619, Tamilnadu, India In this manuscript various components of research are listed and brieï ¬â€šy discussed. The topics considered in this write-up cover a part of the research methodology paperRead MoreCompare different research methodologies for health and social care637 Words   |  3 PagesP3: Compare different research methodologies for health and social care. In this assignment I will be comparing the different types of research methodologies for health and social care. INTERVIEWS: Interviews are usually taken for people when they are looking for jobs or looking places in college and universities. There are many advantages of interviews, one being that they will be able to get good information and some data, also they will develop their communication skills too when talking toRead MoreResearch mEthodology957 Words   |  4 Pages4. Empirical research in India in particular creates so many problems for the researchers. State the problems that are usually faced by such researchers. 5. A research scholar has to work as a judge and derive the truth and not as a pleader who is only eager to prove his case in favour of his plaintiff. Discuss the statement pointing out the objectives of research. 6. Creative management, whether in public administration or private industry, depends on methods of inquiry that maintain objectivityRead MoreChapter 3: Research Methodology Research Methodology Is859 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 3: Research Methodology Research methodology is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. Primary Research, Justification and Biases Primary research is the experiments, investigations, or tests carried out to acquire data first-hand, rather than being gathered from published sources. However primary research is costly, time consuming, sometimes the feed backs are inaccurate and the number of resources are required The methodology may includeRead MoreResearch Methodology : Research Methods1868 Words   |  8 Pages 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter will focus on the research methods application and explain why use these research methods to accomplish this case study. This study was used the qualitative method to collect various data in order to get more depth and comprehensive information to explore the questions of this study. The qualitative method mainly used in exploratory research on objectives, it can be used to obtain potential causes, ideas, and motivations. Furthermore, the qualitativeRead MoreResearch Methodology Used For Research1207 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology Introduction This chapter discusses the methodology used for this research. Describing type of methodology in research study and define the chosen method and approach for this research. Then, the outline of research strategy used, framework this research conducted and data sources collected to obtain valid and reliable research as the objective determined. Review of Research of Methodology Broadly speaking, there are several purpose of research. It depends on the objectiveRead MoreResearch Methodology : Research On Research1072 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Methodology Introduction: Introduction in research is the most important section as it gives an overview of the research and the contents of the document to the readers. It should take users from their own lives to the place of the research analysis. Introduction part should give the essential information of why the research topic is important in the field. It should be concise though it does not have any word limits. In general introduction gives the review of the research. It is the best

Study Skill for Public Personnel Management-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStudy Skill for Public Personnel Management. Answer: Introduction In the current business scenario, determination of the customer requirement is more important for the success of service industries. Another key factor that should be effectively determined by the service industries is the quality of the service delivery and effectiveness of the employees (Schuetz Kolisch, 2012). Foody restaurant is one of the prominent restaurants in the Whitehaven city. However, they have left their glorious days in past and in the present time they are struggling with the maintenance of the service delivery. Due to this reason, they are losing their competitive advantages in the market. To understand the current situation of the restaurant, an interview process was conducted. This report will discuss about the findings from the interview and will recommend different measures to enhance the productivity of the organization. Interview findings From the interview being conducted in the Foody restaurant, various shortcomings in their service delivery are being identified. One of the key shortcomings being identified is the lack of change with the change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. They have not changed their menu in the last five years. Thus, their food assortment is not being matched with the current market requirement. Another shortcoming is quality of the service delivery. The kitchen is not hygiene and the employees lack proper uniforms such as head covers. Thus, health and hygiene is a key issue for them. Internal ambience is also very unattractive for them along with lack of proper training for the employees. Implications of the issues In the current scenario, the taste and preference pattern of the customers are rapidly changing and if is of key requirement for the service organizations to effectively cope up with the change. However, Foody restaurant had not changed their menu in the last 5 years. Thus, they are not meeting the present customer requirement effectively (Haghighi et al., 2012). Service organizations especially the restaurants should maintain the health and hygiene effectively. However, Foody restaurant had not maintained cleanliness in their premises, which further reduced the inflow of customers (Djekic et al., 2014). In addition, in the current business scenario, service industries should concentrate on effective service delivery due to the reason that, nowadays, customers expect properly designed and timely service delivery (Alford Oflynn, 2012). However, in the case of Foody restaurant, average time taken for food delivery is 20 minutes, which can be further reduced to stay ahead in the compet ition. The service design of Foody restaurant is also not as effective as it should be. The employees in Foody restaurant do not have proper uniform and even they do not wear hair covers in delivering the food. Thus, it creates negative impression among the customers along with reducing the service quality. Lack of training and employee benefits is one of the key issues being identified due to the reason that the motivation of the employees in Foody restaurant is not up to the mark (Daley, 2012). Thus, due to the low morale of the employees, the customer service being provided is also not as effective as it should be. Thus, the level of satisfaction for the existing customer is rapidly decreasing. Recommendations It is being recommended that a survey research should be initiated by Foody restaurant in order to effectively determine the requirement of the customers. This will help them to identify the recent change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. It will help them in offering their services accordingly. In addition, the change in the food menu should be in accordance to the survey report. Thus, the newly initiated food menu will effectively adhere to the market requirements. Restaurants should maintain health and hygiene environment both for the employees as well as for the customers (Stafford, 2017). Thus, in the case of Foody restaurant, they can opt for competitor analysis to identify the gaps or areas for improvement where they are training in the competition. Accordingly, the internal environment should be improved. It will help them to improve the service quality and the satisfaction level of the customers. Proper design of the service delivery is also necessary for the enhancement of the service delivery of Foody restaurant. Dressing of the employees should be in accordance to the segment of the targeted customers. It should be designed in such a way that it will create positive vibe among the customers. The internal ambience should be enhanced. Changes such as lighting, color and internal environment should be effectively maintained. This is due to the reason that, the change in the internal ambience determines the mood of the customers (Ladha, 2017). Initiation of soft music, ambient lighting and matching wall colors will help to enhance the satisfaction level of the customers along with increasing the customer loyalty. Initiation of effective employee welfare schemes will help to increase the morale and motivation of the employees. It is required due to the reason that, the customers are having dissatisfaction due to the negative attitude of the employees. Thus, initiation of training and development programs for the employees will help to equip the employees to deal with the customers effectively. The more will be the employee motivation and development, the more will be the level of service delivery to the customers. Initiation of technologies in the organization is required to enhance the effectiveness of the service delivery. In addition, initiation of the technologies will help to reduce the time taken in service delivery (Noone Coulter, 2012). Customers will receive the service more accurately and timely with the help of the technologies. it will also help the organization in cateri9ng to more number of customers effectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that, Foody restaurant is trailing in the competition in various aspects. The customer satisfaction and loyalty is rapidly decreasing for them. According to the interview report, recommendations are being provided. It is being expected that with the effective implementation of the stated recommendations, they will gain competitive advantages in the market and it will help to regain the lost market share. Reference Alford, J., O'flynn, J. (2012).Rethinking public service delivery: Managing with external providers. Palgrave Macmillan. Daley, D. M. (2012). Strategic human resources management.Public Personnel Management, 120-125. Djekic, I., Smigic, N., Kalogianni, E. P., Rocha, A., Zamioudi, L., Pacheco, R. (2014). Food hygiene practices in different food establishments.Food control,39, 34-40. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 5039. Ladha, N. (2017). Retrieved 21 September 2017, from https://www.rancelab.com/blog/how-important-is-the-ambience-of-restaurant-in-success/ Noone, B. M., Coulter, R. C. (2012). Applying modern robotics technologies to demand prediction and production management in the quick-service restaurant sector.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,53(2), 122-133. Schuetz, H. J., Kolisch, R. (2012). Approximate dynamic programming for capacity allocation in the service industry.European Journal of Operational Research,218(1), 239-250. Stafford, L. (2017).Restaurants face full plate of issues in health care law. [online] ajc. Available at: https://www.ajc.com/business/restaurants-face-full-plate-issues-health-care-law/s8uENNw1fRRseUGUl7XwZI/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2017].

Online Policy Primer

Social networking has become a whirlwind phenomenon that the 21st century population cannot ignore or suspend (Powell, 2009). Among all demographic categories of people, social networking seems to have no barriers, and today, many people around the worlds have become fast receptors of social networking services (Rutledge, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social networking has been enabled largely by advancement in information technology (computers) whereby, internet has become the basic forum where most of interactions take place (McManus, 2010). As a result, there seems to be no boundaries among people, organizations, groups and the larger social environment in using social network services for their various needs (Ryan, 2011). People use social networks differently, but in most cases, social networks have become popular avenues for in teraction, sharing of interests, ideas, events and popular activities that individuals may find interesting or valuable (Lusted, 2011). Some of the current popular social networks include Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, and many more (Lusted, 2011). Key features that most social network exhibit include profile pages on which different individuals identify themselves by posting information concerning them, category pages for messaging, chat forums, and so on, and connection links such as like, join, add, remove, and bloc (Kelsey, 2010). All these features combine to make different social networks popular sites that people have gradually become addicted to. Facebook, as noted above, constitutes one of the popular social network services that individuals around the world use for social connection (Facebook, 2011). And in order to effectively use the services provided by Facebook, users have been required regularly to agree to terms and conditions that Facebook, as a company, has established (Facebook, 2011). The terms and conditions, just like in any other organization, reflect the overall regulatory rules and regulations set by different institutions or bodies, which people are required to abide to. This is always done to ensure rights and freedoms of individuals, groups, organizations, or societies are not abused, instead, they are respected even as one uses Facebook forum. This leads us to ask and subsequently evaluate the basic proposition which states that, why Facebook terms of use would be effective and more so, why is it necessary to choose the particular service or platform.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Answer to the above statement requires a holistic journey of evaluation into the policy of Facebook regarding terms and conditions for usage of the service or site. Facebook, like any other social entity in a pluralistic society, is prone to abuse, where people in different ways may misuse the forum at the disadvantage of other people (Weintraub, 2011; Kumar and Zhang, 2010). In order to limit this, terms of use established by Facebook aim at instituting some level of control on how information and all other aspects can be used. At the same time, terms of use instituted are aimed at effectively regulating commercial use of members’ information (Dixon and Gellman, 2011). Marketing in the 21st century has become tech-hitch and all efforts are done to meet targets at the lowest cost. Given that many people use Facebook, it becomes fertile ground for marketers. And in an effort to protect members, terms of use become appropriate. In the same measure, Facebook terms of use are implemented to effectively ensure protection and operate within legal framework regarding copyright, trademark, publicity, privacy or any other form of individual right (Garfinkel, 2011). Moreover, as the issue of security becomes a global concern, th ere is need for individual protection against all forms of insecurity that may also include hate-speech and discrimination, which Facebook tries to effectively regulate through terms of use (Garfinkel, 2011). On overall, effectiveness of Facebook terms of use aim to ensure sensible promotion, exchange, and usage of information on the site among different individuals that meet social needs of different groups of people within tenets of legal and human rights (Garfinkel, 2011). The need to choose particular service can be perceived to be greatly influenced by the need for effective regulation, monitoring and subsequent guidance, all aimed at ensuring maximum security and observance of human rights for the use of Facebook forum (Bankston, 2009). Given that regulation sometimes becomes a problem especially with advent of sophisticated information technology tools, it can be deduced that choosing a particular service or platform makes it both for the user and owner to ensure security, fr eedom and rights are respected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, it can be stated that different social networks exist today and although each has different features and usage needs, they all appear to perform a singular role of connecting people worldwide. Nevertheless, Facebook terms of use as an online policy primer have effectively regulated the usage on the forum although some level of criticism has been advanced (Jones, 2009; Bankston, 2009), which calls for future consideration and appropriate modification of the terms of use (BBC News, 2009). References Bankston, K. (2009). Facebook’s new privacy changes: the good, the bad and the ugly. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/12/facebooks-new-privacy-changes-good-bad-and-ugly. BBC News. (2009). Facebook faces criticism on privacy change. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8405334.stm. Dixon, P and Gellman, R. (2011). Online Privacy: A Reference Handbook. CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=KolSg5Cxks8Cpg=PA42dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CGMQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=facebook%20social%20network%20and%20user%20policyf=false. Facebook. (2011). â€Å"Statement of rights and responsibilities†. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/terms.php. Garfinkel, S. L. (2011). â€Å"When private information is not†. Technology Review, Vol. 114, No. 4, p. 63. UK: Cambridge. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=8did=2403238071SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1316032896clientId=29440.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, K. C. (2009). â€Å"Facebook’s terms of use draw protest†. InformationWeek Article. UBM TechWeb. Retrieved from http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/social_network/214303433. Kelsey, T. (2010). Social Networking spaces: From Facebook to Twitter and everything in between. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=1EgTu8fFMJgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=6ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageqf=false. Kumar, A and Zhang, D. (2010). Ethics and policy of biometrics: Third international conference on ethics and policy of biometrics and international data sharing, Hong Kong, January 4-5, 2010. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=0xwxtr9UM8ACpg=PA89dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Lusted, M. A. (2011). Social Networking: Myspace, Facebook, Twitter . NY: ABDO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq9KqQ2mwDQCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false. McManus, S. (2010). Social Networking for the older and wiser: Connect with family and friends old and new. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Oc76tQ-O68oCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CGgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageqf=false. Powell, J. (2009). 33 million people in the room: how to create, influence, and run a successful business with social networking. NJ: Que Publishing. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=rEPGOOwdqjUCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=NxFxTo3aHsyWOrWZiZUJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDMQ6AEwADgU#v=onepageqf=false. Ryan, P. K. (2011). Social Networking. NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. Retrieved from https://books.g oogle.com/books?id=rshCY6J7E0QCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CEgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Rutledge, P. A. (2008). The truth about profiting from social networking. NJ: FT Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=eGnpsd6Aq7kCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Weintraub, M. (2011). Killer Facebook Ads: Master cutting-edge Facebook advertising techniques. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=BwjjSK3zwqQCpg=RA1-PA10dq=why+facebook+term+of+use+is+importanthl=enei=gdVwTuCOF8WXOtTGjYgJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepageqf=false. This essay on Online Policy Primer – Facebook was written and submitted by user Kylie Trujillo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Online Policy Primer Online policy primer is the so-called docket which is written to inform the users about their rights and abilities while installing or using various electronic sources. The policy describes the rules of various websites which are to be fulfilled to avoid problems with further use. Online policy primer explains the points of the terms of use agreement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, online policy primer is created to explain the users their rights and the principle of system operation. However, firstly, it is necessary to explain the definition of the term and its importance. Thereby, Kingston (1993) says that â€Å"it is a policy primer – a fact that will be deeply appreciated by professionals and policymakers, as well as the average citizen.† (p. 9) This definition is recognized to be an appropriate one in all the spheres where polic y primer is a must. In accordance with the suggestions of Bloomfield (1982) the main purpose of policy primer is to save time. (p. 11) Thus, there are a lot of examples of policy primer in different Internet sources. The most vivid example to explain the term of policy primer is to tell about the so-called license agreement of one of the websites which is called Twitter. (Online Policy Primer, 2010) For instance, if you want to use the website MySpace.com, you have to read its license agreement firstly. License agreement is a number of instructions which you are to read to become one of the users of the above-mentioned website. MySpace is a popular social network and its policy primer was written to warn the user against the rules violation. The rules of MySpace.com must be read carefully; it is up to you whether you read the instructions or no, but if you press the button Agree, it means that you get familiar with terms of the use agreement. Another important point of the website p olicy primer is that the only person who is responsible for the content of the messages and any other kind of information is a user. There is also a point concerning the copyright. You have no right to use information written by third party only. If you ignore this point, it will entail serious consequences such as account blocking.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It should be mentioned that Google terms of services don’t differ much from various services of MySpace.com. Let’s consider another example. Nowadays many people can earn money through the Internet. There are a lot of various online sources which can help you to understand the basic principles of earnings online. Thus, one of the authors who writes books on how to earn money using the Internet, Mann (2000) states that â€Å"electronic commerce is changing the way businesses and consumers create, se ll, and buy products, and the way they communicate and learn.† It is really true. Earning online differs from other ways of monthly or weekly earning. Thus, in this case the policy primer is the instructions on how to start career online. Another example concerns Google terms of service (Online Policy Primer, Google Terms of Service, 2010). The retrieval system Google, defines a policy primer as the number of rules on how to use computer-aided retrieval system. The system provides you with an ability to use various services and for this reason you are to read them carefully to avoid the problems. The peculiar feature of Google system consists in the fact that in a case you use only one service, you must agree with the policy primer. One can state that Google is eager to know everything about you. Online policy primer is recognized to be a little bit strange. The points of the policy are very relative. For instance, even if you agree with the fundamentals of Google retrieval sy stem, the points of the policy are not reduced to basic assumptions. Unspoken rules tell that Google system hunts you everywhere, so, there is a question: is it so important to create and follow the rules? May be online policy primer should be restricted by some universal points? Thus, the contradictions could be minimized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some points of online policy primer must be changed as well as updated. Reference List Bloomfield, L. P. (1982, Sept). A Modern Primer a Modern Primer. Web. Kingson, E. R., Berkowitz E. D. ( Oct.,1993). Social Security and Medicare: A Policy Primer. Web. Mann, C.L. (2000, July). Global Electronic Commerce: A Policy Primer. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. This essay on Online Policy Primer was written and submitted by user Michaela Howe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Vehicular Pursuits essays

Vehicular Pursuits essays It is tempting to believe that a lot has changed since the Rodney King case. In that highly televised case, police in Los Angeles stopped Mr. King after a high-speed car chase on March 3, 1991. In that case, the chase did not cause the problem; the actions of the officers, taped by a citizen after they got King out of his car, caused the problem. Still, the incident might be regarded as a poster child for the liability that can accrue to police departments, in terms of civil and even criminal liability, expense and community ill will when dramatic enforcement maneuvers, such as a high speed chase, are involved in police work. In the aftermath of the King case, G. Patrick Gallagher, director of the Institute for Liability Management in Leesburg, Va., noted that "police departments must have clear, constitutional, updated and consistently enforced policies that provide guidelines for responding to such high-risk tasks as the use of force and vehicular pursuits" (Howard, 1991). However, some commentators note that "vehicle pursuits serve a vital law enforcement function, with as many as 500,000 occurring each year" (June 1, 1998) The questions, almost fifteen years after the Rodney King event, are these: In general, have police departments in the U.S. responded with clear policies' And what, if anything, has the U.S. Supreme Court said concerning the issues in high-speed pursuits, excessive force and criminal While it may be unfortunate when miscreants are injured or killed by police in the performance of their jobs, it is often tragic when innocent bystanders are the ones in jeopardy. An editorial in the Kentucky Post in November, 2003, noted that approximately 40 percent of police pursuits end in crashes, with half of those causing injuries. Nationwide, the vehicular pursuit death toll is between 300 and 400 people, according to the Post, and about half...

Full Review PowerScore SAT Reading Bible by Victoria Wood

Full Review PowerScore SAT Reading Bible by Victoria Wood SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PowerScore is a test prep company with fingers in many pies, including the SAT prep pie (the most standardized of pies?). They have published a trilogy of SAT Prep books: SAT Math Bible, SAT Writing Bible, and SAT Reading Bible (which is what I'll be reviewing today). Like most prep books, the SAT Reading Bible has some positive and some negative aspects. Read on to figure out whether or not this book is appropriate for you and if you should add it into your own test prep. Why trust this review? When you're evaluating advice (both in life in general and on the Internet in particular), it’s v. important to know why that advice is trustworthy and believable. And as you probably already know if you're reading this blog, your SAT score is important (we even have an infographic to that effect), and following the wrong advice might lead to a bad score and loss of chance to improve it. So why is this review worthy of your trust? Because I know what I’m talking about. I took the (current) SAT twice in high school and scored a perfect 800 on the Critical Reading section both times. I've also been doing in-depth analysis of the SAT questions by skill set and writing articles on each skill. Other reviewers don’t necessarily have the expertise to be able to differentiate between books, so they end up recommending books as a sort of afterthought (and it’s pretty obvious). In addition, I'm not getting paid for this recommendation, and don’t get paid if you end up buying the book (unlike other sites like about.com and reviews.com, which get paid for featuring books and if you click on their link to buy it). I do have one disclaimer, however. Disclaimer I work at PrepScholar, an education company that produces online SAT and ACT prep programs. PrepScholar diagnoses your strengths and weaknesses and customizes a test prep program to suit your needs. My primary job consists of writing and editing articles (like this one) for the associated blog and grading the essays of students taking practice tests through the program. While I think that PrepScholar provides the best prep platform currently available, you don’t necessarily need a prep program to do well on the SAT. Writing this review might actually lost us some customers, since you might decide you don’t need a program after all. But if you decide you don’t want to have to deal with 5 different books and want an integrated program that customizes to your learning, however, you should give PrepScholar a test run (that was a totally unintentional "test" pun, but now I noticed it and there is no going back). PowerScore SAT Reading Bible Book Review When thinking about any (test prep) book with a review in mind, I tend to focus in on the following three points: tend to go with three important questions to evaluate it Who’s the author and what’s her experience/background? How effective is this book overall? What are the pros and what are the cons of this book? About the author Victoria, or Vicki, Wood specializes in GMAT, GRE, and SAT prep. She is the Senior Curriculum Developer (according to her book bio) slash Director of SAT Development (according to her LinkedIn page) at PowerScore, a test prep company that’s been around since 1997. She attended Michigan State University for her undergraduate education, has experience as an educator as well as a test prep specialist, and currently writes for PowerScore's SAT blog. How effective is this book? As I know from my own experience tutoring, SAT Reading is the most difficult score to improve, because the skills you need to master it (logical/critical reasoning skills) are not as easily taught as the content on the Writing and Math sections. To prepare for SAT Reading, you have to focus in on different question types and the skills they’re asking for in order to approach the questions in a systematic way. While the PowerScore SAT Reading Bible does divide up question types, but I didn’t find their approach to learning how to deal with them all that helpful. On the other hand, the PowerScore Reading Bible was the #1 about.com best SAT prep book of 2014, and is also a top-ranking test prep book on amazon.com, which means some people find it useful. Screen shot taken 2015-07-02 at 2.37.20 PM by Laura Staffaroni. All rights reserved. It’s so popular that it ranks higher for ACT prep than for SAT prep on Amazon, despite being an SAT prep book. Wait, what? Amazon, what are you doing. Pros and Cons of PowerScore SAT Reading Bible Pros 1. Accurate categorization of sentence types. For sentence completion, the general categories (contrast, similarity, definition, and cause and effect) seem at least somewhat accurate and useful. After all, knowing what kind of sentence a sentence completion question is might make it easier for you to figure out how the missing word relates to the rest of the words in the sentence. 2. Novel and useful suggestions for studying vocab. On page 150, there is an interesting list of strategies for studying vocab words that I think might be helpful (even if some of the items are awkwardly worded) because it addresses non-verbal learners, with strategies for visual learners and audio (sic; I think they meant aural) learners. For example, instead of just reading a vocabulary word in a sentence, Wood suggests reading it aloud (for aural learners) and drawing a picture to represent the word (for visual learners). If learning vocab (and knowing how to use it) is the main area in which you are struggling, I think this particular list of strategies would be very useful - it might even stimulate you to come up with new ways to learn vocab that work well for you! 3. Accessible. There are fun quotes, tips, vocabulary, and more in the margins of this book. The layout also has a little variety, with even the occasional picture thrown in! 4. Key words for passage based questions. Starting on page 178, Wood lists a variety of key words that are helpful to page attention to when reading the passage. These include change-of-direction words and phrases like "however" and "rather than" as well as comparison words and phrases like "similarly" and "just as." If you struggle with extracting meaning from passages, learning to spot these words is extremely helpful. That being said, there are some serious downsides to the SAT Reading Bible. Cons 1. There can only be one...way to approach the passage. Wood claims there is only one way to attack the passages, which is to read the entire passage. She is quite adamant that you must read the entire passage to score in the 95th percentile or higher, which I have an issue with because what if that's not what you're aiming for and where is she getting those numbers? (I was doing some critical reading of my own there) Saying that there's only way to take the test and that you must follow these steps is unnecessarily restrictive. I find that the best way to read the passage is to be flexible - sometimes skimming is the right answer, sometimes looking at the question first helps, and sometimes you just want to power through the passage and answer the questions after. To figure out which strategy is right for you, click here. 2. Way too much focus on sentence completion questions. This tends to be a problem with a lot of prep (books and otherwise), because vocab is easier to pinpoint as an area of weakness, and you get an (artificial) feeling of satisfaction from learning lists and roots and suffixes.Even taking that into consideration, however, the proportions are way off for the SAT Reading Bible: pages 36-154, 395-455 (190 pages, give or take) are all on sentence completion or vocab; out of a 458 page book, that seems a huge proportion, particularly considering only pages 162-385 (234 pages, give or take) are devoted to passage-based questions. The relative amount of pages/time spent on vocab in this book is not proportional to the amount of space the questions take up on even the current SAT (190:234 ≠  19:48. For those of you really wishing there was some bonus math in this book review: you're welcome). Unless your ONLY weakness is vocab, you are wasting your time spending it as this book sugges ts. 3. The sentence completion advice isn’t relevant to most students. All the strategies given seem like they would be pointless if you didn't know the vocab word, and pointless if you did; basically, the advice is only relevant to a certain subset of students. For example, take "The PowerScore Four-Step Solution" (starting with the strategies on p. 41). If you don’t know any of the answer choices/don’t know the vocab, going through the trouble to cross out irrelevant info, rephrase the sentence, read only parts of the sentence, and then try to relate the sentence to your own life is way more time than this question is worth. Sentence completion questions are not worth any more than other SAT Reading questions – why spend so much time? If you do know the word, then adding on extra strategy is extraneous and will just take away time from the passage-based questions. Perhaps these strategies are aimed at those students who "sort of" know what the word means, or can guess by process of elimination, yet do this all really quickly so as not to lose too much time. This not only seems to be a very narrow group of people, but the fact that the strategies are targeted at that demographic is never explicitly stated (at least not as far as I saw). 4. Explanations are convoluted, and the vocabulary used in explanations is unnecessarily complicated. For instance, Wood consistently uses the phrase "question stem" to refer to questions on the SAT. I suppose I can kind of see where she's coming from (if you just call the question part "questions," then what do you call the question + answer? My answer: the question and its answer choices, but I guess that could get clunk), but that's not the only instance of overly complicate vocabulary in this book. Take this quotation from page 55 regarding sentence completion questions: "For example, subordinating conjunctions are often the first word of a Contrast Sentence containing a dependent clause and independent clause." (p. 55) My immediate response: what. If someone needs help with these questions, she probably won't appreciate phrases like "subordinating conjunctions" being thrown into the explanations. Yes, it’s correct terminology, but that is NOT something you will be tested on – why take up extra time learning grammar terms that aren’t even tested on SAT Writing when you could be using that time better elsewhere? You're studying for the SAT, not for your own personal grammar education. See my recommendations for the best way to approach sentence completion questions for an alterative approach. 5. Breakdown of question type is too broad for passage-based reading. While Wood does break down types of passage based questions, the categories (except for vocab in context) are so big as to be meaningless (literal comprehension and extended reasoning). The types of questions are not necessarily grouped by skill – main idea questions are lumped in with facts and details. There are also some unnecessary categories, like cause and effect (the skills you use to answer these questions are not meaningfully different from those you use to answer "facts and details" questions). I know from experience what a pain it is to categorize SAT questions by skill type, so I do understand why Wood chose to emphasize the categories she did; I, however, believe that the most useful way to study passage-based questions is by taking into account both the skill being tested AND the way it is tested. Yes, main point questions and detail questions require core literal comprehension skills, but the way you go about answering main point questions is likely going to be different than the way you answer little picture/detail questions. This mindset also underlies the SAT Reading skills articles that are already up and coming soon on the PrepScholar blog. 6. Questions and examples are of...questionable quality. While no material other than the Official SAT Study Guide (and free official SATs) will have actual SAT questions on them, it's important that any supplemental questions/examples you use to prepare for the SAT are of comparable quality. Frankly, I did not find that to be the case with the SAT Reading Bible. Here's an example of a sentence completion question I found fishy: "Carmine was proud of his ____, intelligent daughter whose sound judgement was admired by her teachers and peers alike. A. irritable B. brave c. sensible D. artistic E. pampered." (p. 60) First of all, the vocab is way too easy. Here's the easiest official single-blank sentence completion question I've been able to find, for comparison: Unable to discover how the fire started, the inspectors filed a tentative report stating that the cause was ______.(A) noteworthy(B) definitive(C) fundamental (D) conclusive(E) indeterminate I think that the difference in the level of vocab is probably very slight, but it is there. For a look into the words most often found on the SAT, check out this free resource. Second of all, I feel like an alternate answer could be argued for that practice question: if you take the meaning of "sound" to be "relating to things you hear," rather than "reliable," and think that musicians are artistic, then I feel like "Carmine was proud of his artistic, intelligent daughter whose sound judgement was admired by her teachers and peers alike" is totally arguable (sound judgement sounds like it's something musicians would have to me, and I have a master's degree in music!). If it were just the sentence completion questions that had quality lapses, I wouldn't be so concerned (since those are going away in Spring 2016 anyway), but the passages used for passage-based reading questions in this book also struck me as problematic. There are no references in the intro or at the back of the book to reprints or licensing that would indicate the passages are taken from works of literature, which makes me think that they were written by Wood herself (or others at PowerScore). This is in no way meant as a slam at Wood's writing - I quite enjoyed her passage warning residents of Naples about the dangers of volcanic activity - but it does make me wonder how comparable the passages in this book are to passages that appear on the SAT. It's the classic "more practice isn't better when the questions aren't what you'll encounter on the actual test" problem. Overall Rating So...I don't know that I would really recommend using this book for prep. Aside from the fact that it’s not particularly recent (published in 2012), and that (this edition) will be obsolete by Spring 2016, its cons outweigh its pros. My general sense is that it has good strategies for learning vocab and for reading in general†¦but not great strategies for SAT Reading. If you’re being extremely thorough and want to make sure you leave no stone unturned in prep, this could be helpful. As I said, it does present some concepts in ways I hadn’t seen (like ways to learn vocab or read passages). If you’re trying to improve a very low score, this book also might be able to help you with improving some core strengths (not the actual strength of your core, that would require doing sit-ups while doing test prep). When it comes to SAT strategies, however, I think that this book goes into way too much (unhelpful) detail, and if you’re scoring at a 500 or above, I don’t see this really boosting your score that much. Overall rating: 51/100 Other Options For SAT Reading Prep? If the words "free online resources for SAT Reading prep" are music to your ears, then I have got some good news for you! In addition to general strategy articles for low and high scorers, the PrepScholar blog also breaks down questions by skill type with focused suggestions. Most of the articles (on sentence completion, vocab in context, analogy, author technique, and paired passage questions) are live; the others will be posted in the next week or so. What’s Next? Read our detailed guide to the best SAT books for Critical Reading, the best SAT prep books, and our list of the best SAT Prep Websites to pull together your own study program. What’s a good SAT score for you? Figure it out using our step-by-step guide based around the colleges you’re applying to. Aiming for a high score? Read our guide to scoring a perfect 800 on SAT Reading or a perfect 1600 on the SAT, written by our resident perfect scorer (and PrepScholar co-founder) Allen Cheng. And don’t forget to check out our top-of-the-class SAT prep program! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Education - Essay Example Therefore, it is imperative that clear standards and tenure be articulated and publicized (Dalager, 2011). Furthermore, the academic leaders who come up through faculty ranks sometimes develop close relationships with peers and often start viewing themselves as their advocates rather than their administrators. This creates biasness and nepotism, making employees not to believe on the process of evaluation, also affecting on the validity of data collection. Consequently, peer to peer evaluation is not considered as valid when it comes to students. There is no denying the fact that students play an integral role in the academic life of the university through their participation in the evaluation of the faculty by the Faculty Course Evaluation process, but in this case there is a fear of ‘grade inflation’. Students may also get biased in their decision. Other general problems in student evaluation of the faculty could be over interpretation about the instructor which only r eflects one aspect of teaching in the statistics. Students are sometimes unable to judge in an unbiased way or some unique aspects of teaching, therefore, the process concerns for reliability and validity (Diamond, 2011). While doing evaluation from faculty member, it is imperative that they should be all aware of terms and policies of the process. Lacking clear guidelines about the process and some specific legal situations causes ambiguity among faculty member and administrator. All such issues must be discussed with faculty and changes should be informed immediately to the staff. Coming towards tenure and promotion process, it has been noticed that for a successful institution, it is imperative that the policies described in tenure and promotion process should match the mission of an institution. If the priorities of an institution are not supported by the faculty reward system, it can create problems (Kelly, 2010). In general, the process usually involves an assembly of candidat es, in consultation with head of department. On this evaluation basis, high rank faculty department decides whether they should proceed with promotion or not. Other high rank officials do external evaluation. With all combine evaluations and recommendations, the decision is being made. If it is in favor of candidate’s promotion, then the head of department writes to dean of institution forwarding decision along with faculty votes. Further action is taken by dean who forwards the dossier to president of institute and which is then discussed in committee. Hence, the decision gets finalized after the board of trustees issues it. Difficulties with tenure process are not just an individual faculty concern that can be solved by minor adjustments; they are major institutional dilemma. Universities and colleges all over are working hard to find their place in rich mosaic of American higher education institution (Nebrasca, 2004). However, it is not impossible to improve the assessment process. It should be made satisfactory by involving more and more faculty members. Faculty should be examined by faculty administrators, legislators and senior faculty members not only through proper conversations but also through questionnaire filling and gathering statistical data. New faculty member are seen to be caught between the times. They are unable to show performance in accordance to the assessment

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

An Occurrence at Owl Creek - Essay Example Hence, with the exemption of past time, time itself is a matter that is not real but is just perceived, with surprising and dramatic effects, to convey a conclusion. This essay will discuss the aspect of time in Ambrose Bierce’s writing, An Occurrence at Owl Creek. An Occurrence at Owl Creek refers to a short story written by Ambrose Bierce, an American author. The tale, set during the Civil war, is identified for its irregular time sequence, as well as a twisting ending (Bierce, 1948). The book is Bierce’s most anthologized writing. An Occurrence at Owl Creek, according to critics, is a richly devised explanation on the fluid of time during the civil war. The book’s structure, which shifts from the current to the past to what is portrayed to be the anticipated present, mirrors this fluidity along with the tension that which exists between competing notions of time. The second section, in the writing, interrupts what, at first, seems to be the ongoing flow of the execution happening in the present moment. Farquhar, posed on the edge of the bridge, closes his eyes as an indication of slipping into his own edition of reality (Bierce, 1948). Farquhar’s reality is one that is unburdened by numerous responsibilities to the law of time. As the minutes/ticking of Farquhar’s watch slows and more time elapses between the strokes, he moves into a timeless reality. When Farquhar pictures himself falling into the water, the author compares him to a "vast pendulum" immaterial, as well as spinning madly out of control. At this instance, Farquhar moves into a transitional space, which is neither death nor life, but a ghostly realization in a globe with its own regulations (Bierce, 1948). In the brief window of time between Farquhar’s actual death time and the officer stepping of the plank, time slows and changes in order to accommodate a comforting view of the subject’s safe return to his family. In spite of Farquhar’s m anipulation of time, he however, cannot escape realm. Whether Farquhar days are prolonged or just a few moments, death ultimately claims him (Bierce, 1948). Trying to blend time to his personal will is meaningless. One of the most remarkable elements in the book is Bierce’s sensible rendering of Farquhar’s alternating conception of time. The author’s suggestion of time is that the nature of time is, to some level, subjective (Bierce, 1948). Time, according to the author, is even more disorienting since it turns out that all of the long accounts, as well as events, which should have taken a lot of time happen within the marvel of a thought, took a short moment in time. Also, some of the themes discussed in Ambrose Bierce’s writing are as discussed earlier the fluid nature of time and the blurred line between illusion and reality. Some of the significant quotes are discussed below: 1. â€Å"As these thoughts, which have here to be set down in words, were f lashed into the doomed man’s brain rather than evolved from it the captain nodded to the sergeant. The sergeant stepped aside.† This line appears at the end of the first part of the story, right before Farquhar falls into his death and shows a significant turning point in the story (Bierce, 1948). The execution itself resumes in the third part of the story where Bierce gives details concerning Farquhar’s past. Following this flashback, in the second part, the writing comes back, not in truth, but in fantasy. 2. â€Å"

The Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility & Substance Abuse Essay Example for Free

The Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility Substance Abuse Essay Abstract A growing concern in the medical and mental health field is the relationship between marijuana use and further illicit drug abuse. Due to the recent state laws passing in Washington and Colorado, there has been a need for a study to address the accessibility factor in relations to the â€Å"gateway hypothesis† to marijuana. The fear is that the increase in accessibility of marijuana will result in an increase of substance abuse and dependency. Therefore, this study is intended to address the following research question: Is the increased accessibility of marijuana correlated with the increase use of marijuana and other illicit drug use. Additionally, this proposal will address the gap in the literature, sample and instrument used, and the findings. The Relationship of Marijuana Accessibility Substance Abuse A growing concern in the medical and mental health field is the association of marijuana use and further illicit drug abuse as well as whether the increase accessibility of marijuana will result in the increase of substance abuse (Yacoubian, 2007). In the United Sates, researchers and professionals have observed the controversial gateway hypothesis of marijuana for the past 30 years (Hall Lynskey, 2005). Hall and Lynskey provide the following operational definition for the gateway hypothesis: â€Å"Drugs whose use in some unspecified way is a cause of the use of later drugs in the sequence† (p.1). During this time, a variety of studies have been conducted and have discovered empirical support to suggest that marijuana is commonly associated with the use of other illicit drugs (Lessem, 2006). A previous study found that 90% of cocaine users had used marijuana prior to cocaine (Fergusson, Boden, Horwood, 2006). In another study, researchers discovered that 33% of occasional and 84% of daily marijuana users reported using other illicit drugs (Fergusson, Boden, Horwood, 2006, p. 2). Currently, marijuana is a hot topic in the media due to the United States having the worlds largest single market for illicit drugs (Yacoubian, 2007).  In addition, research shows that marijuana has been discovered as the most prevalent illicit drug within the American households (Yacoubian). Out of the estimated 19 million people using illicit drugs in American households, the majority of patients admitted to treatment facilities are adolescents and young adults for marijuana abuse (Lessem, 2006). This research significantly affects the mental health field due to the high demand of professionals trained and qualified to work with and treat patients with substance abuse and dependency issues. In terms of policy, during the 2012 election the state of Washington and Colorado passed laws that legalized the recreational use of marijuana (Healy, 2012). To date an estimate of 12 states have decriminalized marijuana and 18 states as well as Washington, DC permit medical marijuana use (Healy). However, under the Federal law there is no such thing as â€Å"medical† marijuana (McCarthy, 2004). This is due to the Drug Enforcement Administration’s criteria and the Controlled Substance Act which classifies marijuana as a Schedule 1 drug based on the following three factors: (1) its high potential for abuse, (2) having no significant means for medical use, (3) lack of accepted safety for use of the drug (McCarthy). Additionally, the Department of Justice clearly states that marijuana is illegal under Federal Law despite state policies and acts (McCarthy). Yacoubian (2007) addresses the debate between criminalization versus decriminalization by comparing and contrasting drug regulation and policies within the United States and the Netherlands. Research found that de facto legalization, permitting coffee shops, in the Netherlands led to a significant increase of marijuana use among Dutch youth (Yacoubian). Yacoubian concluded that research suggests that an increase accessibility of marijuana will result in the increase of drug use. For the purpose of this study, the operational definition of accessibility will align with Yacoubians, which is based on state policies and regulation. For example, legalization policies suggest a high accessibility of marijuana (Yacoubian). Specifically, in regards to the present study the following three states define the level accessibility: Colorado’s legalization policies and recreational use (high accessibility), California’s decimalization policies and medical use (limited accessibility), and Virginia’s illegal policies and no permitted use (no accessibility) (Healy, 2012). Due to the conflict of recent state laws passing and Federal Laws not changing there has been a  necessity for further research regarding the illicit drug marijuana and its effects (Healy, 2012). Researchers have found a significant relationship between regular and early marijuana use and further drug use such as cocaine, heroin, pills, etc. (Hall Lynskey, 2005). However, previous studies concluded that there is a gap within the research because there may have been an overestimation of results suggesting the â€Å"gateway hypothesis† known as the frequency of marijuana use and later involvement in other illicit drug use (Fergusson, Boden Horwood, 2006). Lessem (2006) mentioned some of the limitations to research were the inability to measure drug dependency as well as the issues of causality. In addition, most current research studies are out dated and prior to the recent laws. This research study was designed to fill the specific gap portrayed within the current research. According to Fergusson, Boden, and Horwood (2006) their study resulted in overestimation of date; therefore, this specific study was formatted to ensure the data is precisely and accurately analyzed to prevent complications of overestimations. Additionally, this study uses a valid and reliable assessment to measure drug abuse and dependency, which satisfies the limitations previously mentioned in Lessem’s (2006) research study. It is a concern that as marijuana becomes more accessible, there will be an increase in substance abuse and dependency across the nation (Hall Lynckey, 2005). This study is intended to address the following research question: Is the increase accessibility of marijuana correlated with the increase of marijuana use and substance abuse and dependency. Therefore, the research hypothesis for this study is that with the increase of accessibility there will an increase in substance abuse and dependency. The overall purpose of this research study is to cover several presenting factors. First, it is to increase awareness of the epidemic of marijuana use and further drug abuse within our nation. Second, it is to educate the public on the significance of the relationship between marijuana and drug abuse. Lastly, this research proposal is designed to gather and analyze data from states in which recent laws were passed permitting increase in accessibility and use of marijuana. Method Participants The sample for this study consisted of 450 subjects from the states of  California, Colorado, and Virginia. A sample size of 150 was used from each of these states, 75 participants were students from state universities and another 75 participants were patients at rehabilitation and drug treatment centers. The mean average age of participants within in the sample was 22.23. Among the total sample size, 64% (n=288) were male subjects and 36% (n=162) were female subjects. In terms of ethnicity, 42% (n=189) of participants identified as white, 22% (n=99) as African American, 20% (n=90) as Hispanic, 16% (n=72) as Asian, and 4% (n=18) as other. The sample was first divided into the following three pre-existing groups according to state accessibility of marijuana: California participants (decriminalized marijuana/limited accessibility), Colorado participants (legalized marijuana/high accessibility), and Virginia participants (illegal marijuana/no permitted accessibility). Participants were then separated into one of the three subgroups based on their drug use and abuse. The participant’s score on the Drug Abuse Screening Test assessment determined their placement in one of the following three subgroups: non-existing/mild, moderate, and severe. Instrument The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) was the instrument used to assess the sample in this specific study. The DAST is a 20-item psychometric instrument that is purposed to measure an individual’s drug use and abuse (Corcoran, Fischer, 2007). The manual indicates that a higher total score suggests an index of problem severity (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST is scored by the total sum of all 20 items with range of scores being from 0 to 28 (Corcoran, Fischer). For the purpose of this study, participants scores are estimated by mild (scores: 0-6), moderate (scores: 7-13), severe (scores: 14-20). Refer to Appendix A for a sample of the full instrument presenting all 20 items. The DAST indicates that psychometric instrument has both excellent reliability and validity (Corcoran, Fischer, 2007). The estimated internal consistency reliability was calculated with an alpha of .92; however, the manual does not provide any data of test-retest reliability (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST manual shows both a good discriminant and concurrent validity for the instrument. In terms of discriminant validity, the instrument’s total score accurately and significantly distinguished between the groups with mainly alcohol-related problems from the groups with drug  problems (Corcoran, Fischer). The DAST concurrent validity was examined by its significant correlation of the DAST’s background variables, frequency of drug use within a 12-month time frame, and indices psychopathology (Corcoran, Fischer). Procedure The participants of this study were recruited by two different approaches based on their institutional setting. At state universities, the psychology departments recruited participants through a research database that required all students in a PSYC 101 course to participate in at least 3 studies in which this study was an option. Additionally, faculty and staff at state university counseling centers recruited students whom were receiving counseling services. At the substance abuse rehabilitation and treatment centers, staff recruited current and new patients to participate in the study at their consent. After participants were recruited through their institutional setting and consent, they received two separate emails from the researcher of the present study. The first email was a confirmation email for the individual’s participation. The second email contained a testing packet for the research studying which included the following three components: study consent form, personal questionnaire (age, race, gender, and institutional setting), and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST). Participants were asked to complete the entire testing packet and return by email to the research of the study within a week time frame. Once the researcher received the completed testing packets from participants via email, the packets were examined and separated by pre-existing groups based on state accessibility. For example, all participants from the state of Virginia were separated into the no accessibility group. Participants were then additionally divided in to one of the 3 subgroups based on their score on the DAST. The three subgroups were determined based of the following range of scores on the DAST and the individual’s degree of drug use and abuse: mild (scores: 0-7), moderate (scores: 7-14), and serve (scores: 14-20). For the purpose of this study the data was converted to nominal with mild=1, moderate=2, and severe= 3. Once the data was collected  and converted, it was inputted into the IBM SPSS ® 20.0 software to analyze the statistical relationship between marijuana accessibility and drug use/dependency. Results The statistical analysis conducted was a coefficient of contingency in order to analyze the correlation and statistical significance of marijuana accessibility and drug use/dependency. The coefficient of contingency was conducted two separate times examining the statistical significance between no marijuana accessibility (Virginia) to limited marijuana accessibility (California) and then again no accessibility (Virginia) to high accessibility (Colorado). Additionally, analyzing the relationship between each accessibility level and drug use/dependency. Before running the statistical analysis, a frequency table was made to organize the data. The table portrayed how many participants scored in one of the three subgroups (mild, moderate, severe) under each state. Therefore, it was discovered that in the state of Virginia 47 participants fell in the mild, 61 in moderate, and 32 in the severe subgroups. The state of California had 37 participants were in the mild, 66 in the moderate, and 47 in the severe subgroups. Lastly, in the state of Colorado 29 participants were in the mild, 62 in the moderate, and 56 in the severe subgroups. The coefficient of contingency was calculated after the frequency table was formed. The first statistical analysis of Virginia and Colorado computed a contingency coefficient of .716 and statistical significance of .00. The second analysis of Virginia and California computed a contingency coefficient of .775 and a statistical significance of .00. Discussion In conclusion, the results of this study can be interpreted as supporting the researchers purpose and design for this specific study. The frequency table demonstrates that in the state of Virginia which has no permitted accessibility to marijuana that there were more participants who fell in the mild subgroup and fewer participants within the moderate and severe subgroup compare to the two other states. In the state of California, limited accessibility, there were more participants in the moderate subgroup and fewer participants in the mild and severe subgroups. Lastly, in the state of Colorado, high accessibility, there were more participants in the severe  subgroup and fewer participants in the mild and moderate. The two statistical analyses results conveyed additional statistical support for the hypothesis of this study. It was hypothesize that there this a relationship between marijuana accessibility and drug use and dependency, which translates that with an increase in accessibility there will be an increase in use or dependency. Therefore, the statistical analysis of Virginia and Colorado portrayed that there was a .716 correlation that was statistically significant by .00. The analysis of Virginia and California found that there was a .775 correlation that was also statistically significant by .00. Concluding that the null hypothesis was rejected and the research hypothesis was statistically significantly supported. Several suggestions can be made for future research due to the limitations of the present study. First, future studies should attempt to acquire interval data to run a more robust statistical analysis of the collected data. Second, it is suggested that future research studies use multiple assessments to measure both accessibility and drug use. Specially, the researchers recommend the Adult Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Test-3 (SASSI-3) that measures an individual’s probability to abuse or depend on substances. Lastly, a significant gap in the research conveys that there is a need for longitudinal case studies with individuals from states where policies permit recreational use of marijuana in order to accurately discovered whether these individuals are likely to use and/or abuse substances. Appendix A References Corcoran, K., Fischer, J. (2007). Measures for clinical practice: A sourcebook (4th ed., Vol. 2). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0195314905 or 9780195314908. Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. (2006). Cannabis use and other illicit drug use: testing the cannabis gateway hypothesis. Addiction, 101(4), 556-569. Hall, W., Lynskey, M. (2005). Is cannabis a gateway drug? Testing hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and the use of other illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Review, 24(1), 39-48. Healy, J. (2012, November 6). Voters Ease Marijuana Laws in 2 States, but Legal Questions Remain. The New York Times. Retrieved from  http://www,nytimes.com Lessem, J. K. (2006). Relationship between Adolescent Marijuana Use and Young Adult Illicit Drug Use. Behavior Genetics, 36(4), 498-506. McCarthy, K. I. (2004). Conversations about Medical Marijuana between Physicians and Their Patients. Journal Of Legal Medicine, 25(3), 333-349. Yacoubian, G. S. (2007). Assessing the Relationship between Marijuana Availability and Marijuana Use: A Legal and Sociological Comparison between the United States and the Netherlands. Journal Of Alcohol Drug Education, 51(4), 17-34.

Prayer in School Essay -- Religion Argumentative Argument Papers

Prayer in School As the bell rings you walk through the lunchroom doors. It seems just like any ordinary day. You smelled the mystery lunch as soon as you walked in, you fought your way into the lunch line, and you saw the principal escorting some troublemaking kids from their tables. But wait, those kids weren't the usual trouble makers. They were the kids that always follow the rules and even pray before lunch. Was this some kind of alternate universe? No, they were actually in trouble. No one ever paid it much attention but praying in school was against the rules. Why is it that our school system is so concerned with students that pray when there are students with problems that deserve much more attention? Students should not be punished for exercising the religious beliefs. Religion is a part of life, it always has been and it always will be. I believe that prayer should be allowed in school because it is a constitutional right, it encourages morals and values and students showing dev otion to their religious practices doesn't hurt anyone. The Downfall of a Nation There were times in this country where religion was mandatory in the public school curriculum. However, as early as the 1850?s the Superintendent of Schools in New York stated that prayers could no longer be required as part of public school curriculum. The Cincinnati Board of Education decided in 1869 that "religious instruction and the reading of religious books, including the Holy Bible, were prohibited in the common schools of Cincinnati.? By 1962/1963 the United States Supreme Court had prohibited bible reading and school organized prayers. In the past the Supreme Court had consistently ruled against religious practices in the public... ...nity Today. July (2003). 03 Oct. 2003 2. Annie Laurie Gaylor. ?The Case Against School Prayer?. 1995. Freedom From Religion Foundation. 03 Nov. 2003. 3. Unknown Author(s). School Prayer Case History. 2003. School-Prayer.net 03 Nov. 2003 . 4. Unknown Author(s). School Prayer. 26 Sept. 2003. Internet Infidels. 03 Nov. 2003 http://infidels.org/library/modern/church-state/prayer.html 5.Unknown Author(s). The Constitution. 10 Nov. 2003 http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.billofrights.html

Principles of marketing Essay

1. Introduction   1.a What is marketing? Elements of marketing: Marketing is a business philosophy that seeks to address customers wants and needs by either determining what a customer wants or anticipating customer demands and then producing goods and services that meet these requirements. The marketing concept therefore differs significantly from the selling and the production concept, where it was what the firm produced that was sold. The production concept believed that all production sells and what is needed is a selling effort. In marked contrast, the marketing concept works first at determining what the customer needs and then producing the same so that the customer is satisfied. The elements of marketing include the customer, the product, the value of the product and the want it addresses. 1.b Advantages of marketing and criticism: The marketing approach ensures that the seller does not make mistakes in determining what the market demands. There is thus that much efficiency in the marketplace as production capacities are built depending on market feedback and what customers want. Also, as the marketing department knows what the customer wants, it is able to provide an efficient answer and design, at a cost that the customer is willing to pay. The marketing approach has also been criticized for its attempt at forecasting and determining personal choices. It is also criticized for influencing customers towards goods and services that they may actually not need, but are driven to these products through clever strategies that convert simple desires into burning needs. Marketing also has been criticized for using external influences through advertising and promotions to make people demand goods that they would otherwise not have found useful. Leveraging customer psychology to get people influenced by imaginary reference groups that they aspire to belong to, also is another tool used by marketing that is often criticized for its ability to attract customers. Modern marketing, with all available technology and databases that track customer behaviour, is a weapon that can be used by firms wanting to grab large market shares. It therefore tends to be unethical at times and needs string regulatory mechanisms. 1.c The marketing function The marketing function is a function that includes all activities that contribute to the marketing strategy and the marketing process. This function therefore covers all aspects of identifying customers, determining their needs, estimating wants, calculating total demand, building supply chains and constructing marketing promotion strategies through all available marketing channels. This also includes marketing controls and control systems that ensure that all activities undertaken by marketing departments are consistent with and in line with the objectives of the firm. The marketing planning and control mechanism tracks the various activities undertaken by the firm, and determines if the process is going as per plan. 1.d Marketing management: Monitoring and evaluating its marketing processes regularly, a firm is able to take corrective action. The monitoring of marketing activities is a specialized task that ensures the entire chain of activities is checked regularly, constant feedback taken and corrective measures instituted that bring the plan back to the path desired so the firm’s overall objectives are met and are not deviated from. The marketing function starts with a marketing plan that is a written statement of objectives and processes that the firm would undertake to meet its goals. This plan is constantly recalled to ensure the control system and the action plan sticks to the strategy that has been drafted. The plan takes into account the economic environment the firm exists in, the regulatory framework, and the demographic characteristics of the population, competitive forces and product characteristics. The marketing mix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product: The marketing mix is central to any marketing plan that a marketing strategy evolves. The marketing mix primarily looks at the four components that have defined marketing strategy. These four major components of a marketing plan are the Product, Place, Price and Promotion. The first – product, focuses on making the firm’s product something that is of value for the customer, is constantly redefined to meet changing tastes and is what is actually something that meets market demand. The product that is marketed is defined by its quality, its functionality, the appearance, the service that comes with the product and the support provided to the customer. It is important for the firm to produce a product that is of high quality. In a competitive market, it is no longer possible to sell a product that is not of high quality as there are several substitutes available and competitors are always ready to improve quality. Hence the product is defined by it functionality and the brand that is built around the product. The brand defines product quality and provides customers with information about the product even before the product is bought and used. Additionally, the product is defined by what the firm provides by way of after sales support and service. Modern brands provide products with warranties that cover the risk of failure after the product is sold to the customer. Brands are built around the various facets of the product sold. A brand carries an inbuilt guarantee of the usefulness of the product. Brand building is essential to marketing management and defines the product part of the marketing mix. Products are also made so as to acquire certain niches in the market and this can be either done through specific functionalities or through product differentiation. Place: The second component is place and this focuses on the fact that the product would be made available to the customer at the right time and at the right place. It also includes the aspect that the product should also be available in the right quantities. Non-availability will move customers away to another substitute while too large a stick will increase inventory costs. So the correct balance needs to be struck. The place component of the marketing mix depends on the logistics that go into supplying the product to the customer at the right place and at the right time. The logistics department must identify appropriate locations, the appropriate channels of distribution, the channel partners that take the product to the customer and ensure maximum coverage. The place also defines the point of contact with the customer, the point of purchase advertising and the support locations. Modern technology has added a new dimension to place by way of providing Internet and mobile access to marketers. Using mobile phones and online marketing, customers are able to access distant locations at the click of a mouse and check out the product in a virtual environment. Delivery is quick because of the developments in transportation and travel. Support and service can now be provided through distant, centralized locations that are accessible through support centers and call centers. Successful marketing in today’s environment is a function of how well the marketer leverages modern technology by way of online brochures, online advertising and payment gateways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price: The price of course is a critical component of the marketing mix. In a competitive market where goods are homogenous and perfectly substitutable, it is price that would ensure some buyers for a new product. On the other hand, in similar situations, a product that is priced high could occupy the position of a superior good and guarantees a premium only because it attracts prestige and value to the product. In goods and services that are price elastic, price can e used as a strategic tool to increase margins, whereas in price inelastic markets, prices need to be kept stable. A large number of marketing strategies focus on the price range a product offers and the income levels and consumption characteristics of the customer in the neighborhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pricing is also a strategy that incorporates list prices and how they are estimated. The list price takes into account the competition and the channel margins. Where the marketer is using a push strategy, pricing must include incentives to retailers and wholesalers that enable them to push the product among the customers. Pricing also includes the strategy that involves using discounting and discounting sales to increase volumes periodically. Today pricing strategies also have to keep in mind leasing options and installment based payments. They must therefore allow for various financing options.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Promotion: The other important component of the marketing mix is the promotion package that is used by the marketer. Especially in a new market, where a product is being launched and introduced, it is critical for the market to accept the new product. Here is where the promotional aspect acquires a new dimension compared to the promotional strategy of a product that is entering a competitive market. Promotional strategies need to be carefully defined depending on the nature of the product and the market characteristics. The most important promotional tool used worldwide is advertising and this in the modern world is a strategic decision that must take into account the advertising mix that calculates what amounts of money and effort be spent on television, print media, internet advertising, bill boards, radio stations and mail brochures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, in the days of consumer movements and regulatory mechanisms, it is important for promotion to concentrate on public relations. Most brands today spend a lot of effort in maintaining public relations through regular contact with the consumers and the media. Also promotion in specific goods and services is carried out through a direct sales network that requires a great amount of coordination and networking. It is also important to remember that, given its scope and coverage, promotion is an activity that requires scientific budgeting and monitoring. Promotion as an activity needs to cover the target audience, the end customer, the opinion makers and the potential buyers and channel members that could be part of the future supply chain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 4 P marketing mix model has been the one most used by various marketers all over the world and ensures that each of the marketing function gets covered and focused on. There have been those who have argued for a 5 P and even a 7 P marketing mix, especially to cover service products. The one extra P that is most often talked about is People, the human resource component that actually makes the efforts in tackling the 4 Ps. In any marketing firm, where customers need to be convinced and must trust the product, it is the people handling the product, the promotion and the supply chain that need to be extremely well trained, motivated and understanding of customer demands. Therefore it is often argued that the marketing mix must give an equal emphasis on its people and their training and incentives. However the 4 Ps discussed above are the most critical and need to be focused on to be able to successfully compete at the market place. Buyer behaviour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.a Purchase decision: Purchase decision is a complex mechanism that involves a .large number of steps. The buyer behaves differently for high involvement and low involvement products. Products that are expensive and are in the nature of assets are high involvement products where the consumer takes time and makes efforts to look at various possible substitutes and competitors before making the purchase decision. The purchase decision is therefore sees to go through the various steps. There is a need recognition phase where the marketing begins. Here the buyer defines what his needs are the starts exploring possibilities that would solve the need. High involvement products there fore need great amounts of research before the buyer is able to decide. On daily consumables like soaps and toothpaste the buyer may not be as highly involved and easily makes decisions. Therefore after the need recognition process, the buyer then goes of ran information search through which a set of alternatives emerge. These are then weighed against various constraints and then the actual purchase decision is made. What follows is the post purchase behaviour and in this the buyer may actually regret making the decision or may go away satisfied. Marketers need to understand what is referred to as post purchase dissonance to be able to ensure good word of mouth promotion from existing customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3b. Reference groups, culture: Of course buyer behaviour depends a great deal on the cultural background where the market exists. In savings oriented societies buyer behaviour is quite different form societies marked by conspicuous consumption. Also buyers in certain societies are bound to make far more careful decisions than in certain other cultural frameworks. Also groups tend to alter behaviour is different settings. The reference group is a major decision maker for most customers who would like to reach a group that they aspire to belong to through similar buyer behaviour. This is why a large number of celebrities are used to sell products and promote them. To influence buyers who consider these celebrities as these reference groups and inspirational groups. 4. New product development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market plans and market strategies therefore are complex mechanism that must look at various aspects of buyer behaviour, product characteristics and promotional strategies. Very often in such mechanisms, it becomes critical for firms to make decisions regarding innovation and new product development,. It could sometimes to easy for a firm to simply provide a market with existing demand and give the same product that exists at a better price and better place. However this might not work as the first mover ahs an advantage. Also the demand levels keep changing as culture changes and incomes change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore new products must be offered and innovations required both in developing new products, in new segmentation strategies, in product differentiation, in defining new niche markets and in being able to design both push and pull promotional strategies. Innovation is the name of the game as markets become more competitive and the customer more demanding. Market strategy demands that innovative strategies and products be designed keeping the basics in mind – that of the need to study and satisfy customer demand. Marketing is a science that attempts at assessing demand and developing products and promotions that meet this demand at appropriate prices and places. Innovation in marketing must keep this design in mind and develop new processes and products that work at the market place. References Moorman C. and Rust T. R., (1999) The Role of Marketing, Journal of Marketing, Fundamental Issues and Directions for Marketing Webster F. E., (1992) The Changing Role of Marketing in the Corporation, Journal of Marketing Borden, N. H., (1964) The concept of the marketing mix, Journal of Advertising Research Howard, J and Sheth N. R. (1969), The theory off buyer behavior, John Wiley and Sons. Peter P. J. and Olson J. C., (2004) Consumer behavior and marketing strategy. Irwin/McGraw-Hill Grà ¶nroos C, (1991)The Marketing Strategy Continuum: Towards a Marketing Concept for the 1990s,   Journal: Management Decision Hooley G, Saunders J and Nigel Piercy N., (2004), Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning FT Prentice Hall Wind Y, Robertson TS., (1983) Marketing Strategy: New Directions for Theory and Research,   Journal of Marketing Fill C, (1995) Marketing communications: frameworks, theories and applications, Prentice Hall Mela CF, Gupta S, Lehmann DR, (1997) The Long-Term Impact of Promotion and Advertising on Consumer Brand Choice, Journal of Marketing Research

From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo

From Jack Kevorkian to Terry Schiavo, much media attention has been given in recent years to the question of the right to die. Most American states have laws against taking one’s own life and many also have specific laws against assisted suicide. Many others charge those who would assist with suicide with manslaughter or attempted murder. Opponents of euthanasia say that there is no provision in American law for the right to die. Many specific rights are spelled out in the Bill of Rights and others have been granted through the Constitution and its amendments, but nowhere has the law granted a person the right to die.Proponents claim the right is inherent, God-given and a matter of free will. The truth lies somewhere in between. Americans should have the right to determine when their lives should end. That right is granted them by the Declaration of Independence. Americans have the right to die, as it is included in the right to life, the right of self-determination and the pu rsuit of happiness. The first legal standard allowing Americans to choose to die should be the words of founding father Thomas Jefferson.In writing the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson said that people should have the right to â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † By simple logic, death is an inherent part of life and therefore should be protected by Jefferson’s words. As death is the ending of life and the right to life is guaranteed by the Declaration, it is clear that citizens should be afford the right to die as they choose. By guaranteeing people the right to life and liberty, Jefferson may have been simply spouting the philosophies of John Locke and others, but he inadvertently guaranteed people the liberty to choose their own death.Clearly, in 1776, the concept of keeping people alive through the use of machines was not a consideration. However, Jefferson makes it clear that self-determination is a right of the people. It is that very self-de termination that gave the American colonies the right to revolt against England and form their own country. That same right of self-determination should also apply to the average citizen. Nothing is more a matter of personal freedom than the right to die. Other cultures have long practiced this form of self-determination.In many cultures, the sick, infirmed or elderly would leave their society to die when they decided it was time. The concept that society has become more civilized should not prevent people from making this choice if they desire. The reality is that modern medicine has allowed many people to live beyond what would once have been a normal life expectancy. Many of those people regret their longevity as they feel isolated, due to the deaths of contemporaries, and feel the guilt of being a financial or emotional burden on their families.Others do not want to face the pain of chronic disease. These people have earned the right to do as they please and by the theory of sel f-determination, they should be granted that right. Finally, the Declaration grants people the right to â€Å"the pursuit of happiness. † Again, despite the advances of modern medicine, there is no guarantee that simply lengthening a person’s life grants them additional happiness. In fact, some elderly persons are simply lonely and in pain. The pursuit of happiness for them might include an end to their suffering and as such, the right to die.The simple matter is that by guaranteeing people the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness and by predicating our society on the right of self-determination, America has already made it clear that the right to die is inherent in our beliefs. It should be as clear as the right to freedom of the press or the right to bear arms. Unfortunately, though we preach a separation of church and state, America is also a religious country and the right to die will not be acknowledged until the fear of the moral repercussions is o vercome.