Macro Effects of massive Earthquake

The earthquake also caused a high tsunami which breached the safety of nuclear plants in Fukushima prefecture. What is worse, though, is it caused a partial meltdown, and now Japanese citizens not only suffered by damage of earthquake itself but also the dangerous level of radiation from the plants. On June 10th 2013, a Japanese National Police Agency announced there were 1 5,883 confirmed deaths, 6,145 injured, and 2,671 people missing, as well as 126,458 buildings totally collapsed, with a further 272,191 buildings ‘half collapsed', and another 741,684 buildings partially damaged(â€Å"Countermeasures†).This is the largest economic shock for the Japanese economy since the end of World War II. It may take some time before the full economic impact of the earthquake is known, but we can still look at the scale of earthquake economically by comparing it with the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 19951 in Japan and how it affected on the economy. Thesis: The Earthquake's Im pacts on Economic Flow and Stocks There are two important points to consider concerning the impact of this catastrophe: flow and stock. Flow is economic activities in everyday life, such as spending, production, income, and many other economic rowths.Stock is a concept representing the abundance at some point in time, such as housing, factories, and social capital and so on. The flow of economic activities was damaged by the earthquake and tsunami. First of all, the earthquake and tsunami caused an impediment in physical economic activities such as production and consumption in the disaster area. Next, they cut off the distribution to the disaster area, and the connection between products and point of consumption was no longer smooth. Thirdly, it affected consumers psychologically.Less people spent money for entertainment and leisure, and the economy xperienced a sharp downturn in consumption. At the time of the Great Hanshin- Awaji Earthquake, the consumption and production activit ies fell immediately after the earthquake, but the economy slowly recovered which is mentioned later at the Impact on Japanese Macro Economy. In comparison, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami is larger than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake, and it caused nuclear power plant accident which caused serious radiation problem and the huge power outages.It got goes worse and worse, and it will have a quite long effect on its economy. The earthquake and tsunami also caused a large loss of stocks. Stocks that about 102. 31 billion US dollars. This was equivalent to 0. 8% of the stock of the whole country. Compares to the Great East Japan earthquake and Tsunami, the loss amount is much greater than the scale of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. It caused crucial widespread damage on coastal areas in eastern Japan. Japan Cabinet Office estimated the loss was approximately 173 billion dollars, and it is still not completely determined yet (â€Å"Economic Basic Data†).Impact on Japanese Macro Economy In response to the earthquake, Japan's economy was confused; there was a sharp ecline of production activities, decline of exports, and self-restraint of consumption. Japanese macro economy recorded a big decline after the earthquake. The real GDP growth rate in first quarter of 2011 declined 0. 9%, and second quarter in 2011 for 0. 5% decrease. In the case of the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake of 1995, on the other hand, there was a slight increase of about 0. 009% in first quarter of 1995.It was backed by strong yen, and the real GDP growth rate had an upward trend until first quarter of 1997. Even Hyogo Prefecture which was worst disaster area, showed a apid recovery as early as the second quarter of 1997. It is back up to 0. 04% growth (â€Å"Economic Basic Date†). If one takes the Japanese economic growth from 1995 into account, the Great East Japan Earthquake was worse than the Great Hanshin-AwaJi Earthquake. Antithesis However, there are some researchers who propose the positive effects from the disaster by economic points of view.The Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology published there is a decline in suicide in disaster area. In Yamagata- prefecture, one of large damaged area from the earthquake had recorded 43 ecreases on suicidal case in 2011. It recorded there were less than 300 cases of suicide in the prefecture since 1998(â€Å"The Decline in Northeastern Japan Suicide Rate after the Earthquake†). In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare also published that the rate of suicide is significantly decreasing nation-wide.It decreased 1039 total suicide cases in 2011(â€Å"Suicide Measures†). It explained suicide rate is strongly linked to economic figures, and there was a Job increase in the waste disposal business and construction industry with the reconstruction budget injection. It will enhance the economy and thus leads to a decrease in the suicide rate. Furthermore, the earthq uake had an effect on the aging population in Japan. To begin with, there was a high rate of elderly population in the area which had devastating damage by the earthquake and tsunami.For instance, there were towns called Otsuchi and Yamada that had over 40% of the population was people over 60 years old, and 30% by elderly people (â€Å"Estimated Future Population of Japanese Municipalities†). Japan has a huge aging problem, and it is estimated that the elderly will make up one third of the Japanese population in 2030. A relatively large number of elderly people were victims of the disaster, and the decrease of the amount of the aging population ease aging problem although it will Just have effect a short term on its demographic figure overall (Kouno).Synthesis Next, I will diagnose the macro-interaction to the earthquake with Japanese disaster mitigation policy. The Japanese government takes mitigation policies to recover the economic crisis caused by The Great East Japan Ea rthquake and Tsunami. First, they put large capital investment in its economy after the disaster. The Central Bank of ncluding quantitative easing and qualitative easing, which aims to break away from deflation. In addition, they claim there is no need to change the targeted inflation rate of 2%, which was the target set before the earthquake.The Central Bank of Japan was also indicated that they will implement Open-End type2 for government bond and eliminate the three years restriction for payback period for its bond (â€Å"Four Major Policy†) Second, the Japanese government tries to break away from deflation and encourage weak yen. In order to stimulate the recovery of production and anufacturing, and to support active economic activity, Japan is resuming the nuclear power plant gradually with new enhanced safety standards.This will be the basis for favorable production conditions in Japan. Japanese Prime minister Shinzo Abe takes a new policy of trade promotion and is tryi ng to enhance the competitive position of Japan's export-driven economy in international markets. A Weak yen is the direct way to enhance the export driven economy though Japanese trade is still in the difficult situation. There is a deterioration of the trade balance, and it has experienced decrease on current account surplus three months in a row.However, because the government sent the clear message of weak yen to the market, Japanese yen becomes cheaper in the past three and a half years. They anticipate the improvement on export. Conclusion In conclusion, the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami wreaked enormous damage on Japanese economy. Even though some positive effects were followed by the disaster as some researchers advocated, they have an insignificant effect on the economy because of its tremendous damages which is considered to be one of the top five largest earthquakes in the world.Because it did not only inflict damages to ives and properties but also caused cruci al damages to major nuclear plant stations, this is the most difficult crisis Japan has ever faced after World War II. From my perspective, Japanese government needs to have a more effective growth strategy to increase productivity since the workforce is decreasing. It needs to enhance efficient flow for workforce and capital. For instance, ease the regulation restriction for the workforce, and encourage the diversification on human resources. It is significant that government help to reform the active business activities for Japanese economy recovery.

Issuing Debt and Bond Valuation Essay

1. Internally generated funds and stock issuances are available for for-profit and internally generated funds, philanthropy, government grants, and sale of real estate are available to not-for-profit health care providers to increase their equity position. 2. The advantages of a taxpaying entity in issuing debt are fixed debt service payments, fixed interest rate, no risk ha investor sells bond back, and no leer of credit needed, while disadvantages are higher issuance expenses, may result in higher interest cost over life of loan, no refunds for bonds, unstable deb service payments, and decline in cash flow if interest rates increase. 3. Debenture is an unsecured bond, which is not backed by specific assets of the organization; so, it carries higher risk with a high interest rate. On the other hand, subordinated debenture is an unsecured bond that is junior to debenture bonds. In a case of default, the bondholders are paid first. 4. An investment banker syndicate a bond issue with other investment bankers to work as an underwriter for private placements to sell to a particular institution or group of institutions (banks, pension funds, or insurance companies). 5. $1,000 zero coupon bond with a 20-year maturity has a market price of $311.80. Rate of return = (1000 / 311.80)^(1/20) = 1.7 1000 / 311.80 tells you how many times the money multiplies over 20 years. 6. A tax-exempt bond was recently issued at an annual 8 percent coupon rate and matures 20 years from today. The par value of the bond is $1,000. 7. If required market rates are 8 percent, the market price of the bond = $80 x PVFA (0.08,20) + $1000 x PVF (0.08, 20) = $80 x 9.8181 + $1000 x 0.2145 = $1000 8. If required market rates fall to 5 percent, the market price of the bond = $80 x (0.08,20) + $1000 x (0.05,20) = $750 9. Charles City Hospital plans on issuing a tax-exempt bond at the bond are $1,000. 10. If required market rates are 6 percent, the value of the bond= 60 x PVFA (0.06,1)+1000 x PVF (0.06,1)= 60 x 0.943 + 1000 x 0.943=$996.4 11. If required market rates fall to 12 percent, the value of the bond=120 x PVFA (0.12,1) + 1000 x PVF (0.12,1) = 120 x 0.892 + 1000 x 0.892 = $ 996.8 12. Since 3 percent, 6 percent, and 12 percent values are lower than $1000. They are sold at a discount. 13. Option#1 Device cost 400,000 Useful value 5 Yearly Depreciation 80,000,00 Interest rate 15% Loan period 5 Loan yearly installments 119,326.22 Option#2 Lease Yearly Payment $80,000.00 Difference between loan & Lease $39,326.22 Tax Saving=Yearly Depreciation X 40% =$32,000.00=$400,000/5 years X Tax % After tax cost of debt $3,539.00 interest component X after tax rate 9% Total saving from option#1 $35,539.00 Option #1 (Borrowing) $83,787.22 Option#2 (Leasing) $80,000.00 Therefore, Mercy medical mega center should lease the surgical device because the total cost will be less than to borrow the money to purchase the device.

Obesity A Global Public Health Concern - 1420 Words

Obesity epidemic still remains in the U.S., and obesity rates are rising around the world. It becomes a global public health concern. According to CDC Non-Hispanic blacks have the highest age-adjusted rates of obesity (47.8%) followed by Hispanics (42.5%), non-Hispanic whites (32.6%), and non-Hispanic Asians (10.8%) Obesity is higher among middle age adults, 40-59 years old (39.5%) than among younger adults, age 20-39 (30.3%) or adults over 60 or above (35.4%) adults. Obesity is raging in the black community, especially in my community where 75% of residents are African American, 4 out of 5 of individual are overweight or obese. But now the startling new information about race and weight one ethnic group has by far the most alarming African is staggeringly high because obesity is related to a lot of chronic disease such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, many types of cancer and rising high rate of obesity play a big role on the rising cost of healthcare. As healthcare providers in the community we have take it seriously by taking steps that could decrease the expansion of these preventable diseases that are occurring, and all that can be tackle by controlling obesity. As the author Nia Mitchell asserted â€Å"The strongest data on obesity prevalence rates over time in the U.S. come from r esults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). NHANES periodically collect measured heights and weights in representative samples of the population. The mostShow MoreRelatedBackground and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care1003 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Process to Problems in Health Care Childhood Obesity HCS/465 August 2, 2012 Donald Steacy Introduction The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to health care. 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Introducing Need Help to Writing a Research Paper

Introducing Need Help to Writing a Research Paper The One Thing to Do for Need Help to Writing a Research Paper There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. The cost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. Our writers have a fantastic history in providing the requested essays in time. Also, there's a site Pledge Music that's a popular crowdfunding platform for modern musicians. Want to communicate with different scientists about the information which you require a professional custom writing service. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. When you come to us to acquire online essay help, we make sure that you receive complete satisfaction with regard to the caliber of the essay, its cost and promptness in customer services. Additionally, a customer may ask the writer to submit part of the job for review and, if needed, ask them to make corrections. Make sure you include sources that are required by your instructor. Looking for a trustworthy essay writing service is an excruciating job, especially when you have to get cheap essays online of academic quality. When the writer is appointed, they begin working on your essay in line with the requirements you have specified in your purchase. Our talented writer s can deal with nearly every kind of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics troubles and much more. Research indeed is a time-consuming procedure, so it's in your best interests to select a topic that kindles your intellectual abilities as opposed to clouding it. It is a fundamental part of almost every profession. Research papers may become a nightmare if some of the fundamental steps aren't followed properly. Education research papers are a few points your research. As far as you're able to see, there's nothing hard in writing the research paper. As soon as you know what kind of research paper you ought to be writing, you will need to locate a topic. It is possible to also compose an abstract of your research paper in the start of your research paper. Writing a research paper is the most crucial portion of our research procedure. Until you're in a position to finish the above procedure, it is probable you have not yet thought critically enough about the paper. You also ought to know what sort of paper you ought to be writing. Now you are all set to compose the very best paper that will enhance your mark. For example, if your paper a part of your thesis or dissertation, then you need to have it professionally edited. Need Help to Writing a Research Paper Explained There's no limit to the methods by which you are able to collect data but you must continue to keep your sample size as small as it is possible to handle in your research. Think how to create your work distinctive and eye-catching. Scholars and arranged in order if you may get all the needed details. Read as much as possible about your subject. Review of Related Studies places our investigating to define current data and information concerning the preceding research papers. Make the last outline for your research paper that's more complex because each topic in it ought to be split into several subtopics. For instance, if you're doing a research paper on Kant, begin with the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to find some background details. Writing a research paper can be hard. The important goal of introduction is to introduce to the reader the goal of your research. It is to only show readers data that is directly related to the key message of your manuscript. It is important to note you could alter your topic or focus dependent on the info you come along when conducting the research. Conducting research on various scientific, technical or societal facets or phenomena is a fundamental part of educational course of action. If you compose an article for a scientific journal, your readers will likely have a certain academic background, so there's absolutely no need to spell out the fundamentals. There is in fact no quick way out of writing. The second thing that you ought to do is choose a topic. Picking an excellent topic is a completely major discussion and should be well understood before you really begin searching for it.

Research Methodologies - 632 Words

Research Methodologies In selecting a research methodology, researchers must approach the subject matter with consideration of that which is desired as a data outcome. In light of this, the most commonly used methodologies are quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. The quantitative study is usually defined so as a result of a clearly delineated range of numerical scales, sets or representations designed to concretely define the findings of the resultant research. By its hypothesis and its methodology, this study will be required to employ a process which is geared toward empirically defensible findings. The determinism of numerical evaluation is widely considered less vulnerable to individual biases unless it can be deduced that such bias informed the composition of the equation methodology. Qualitative analysis essentially places a heavier demand upon the involvement of the researcher in designing the frame for data analysis and the manner in which this analysis is carried out . This means that the qualitative research must plumb through a considerable amount of research and data in order to whittle down observational findings to a set of relevant and useful resolutions. And indeed, after the processes of observation and information gathering, it can be both time-consuming and intellectually taxing to reduce these findings to the most meaningful and relevant indicators available. This difficulty is further intensified by the inherently complicated task of clearlyShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodologies966 Words   |  4 PagesReserve (AFR) medical unit offers various problems and possible solutions for research and study as we continue into the 21st century. 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Study Skill for Public Personnel Management-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theStudy Skill for Public Personnel Management. Answer: Introduction In the current business scenario, determination of the customer requirement is more important for the success of service industries. Another key factor that should be effectively determined by the service industries is the quality of the service delivery and effectiveness of the employees (Schuetz Kolisch, 2012). Foody restaurant is one of the prominent restaurants in the Whitehaven city. However, they have left their glorious days in past and in the present time they are struggling with the maintenance of the service delivery. Due to this reason, they are losing their competitive advantages in the market. To understand the current situation of the restaurant, an interview process was conducted. This report will discuss about the findings from the interview and will recommend different measures to enhance the productivity of the organization. Interview findings From the interview being conducted in the Foody restaurant, various shortcomings in their service delivery are being identified. One of the key shortcomings being identified is the lack of change with the change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. They have not changed their menu in the last five years. Thus, their food assortment is not being matched with the current market requirement. Another shortcoming is quality of the service delivery. The kitchen is not hygiene and the employees lack proper uniforms such as head covers. Thus, health and hygiene is a key issue for them. Internal ambience is also very unattractive for them along with lack of proper training for the employees. Implications of the issues In the current scenario, the taste and preference pattern of the customers are rapidly changing and if is of key requirement for the service organizations to effectively cope up with the change. However, Foody restaurant had not changed their menu in the last 5 years. Thus, they are not meeting the present customer requirement effectively (Haghighi et al., 2012). Service organizations especially the restaurants should maintain the health and hygiene effectively. However, Foody restaurant had not maintained cleanliness in their premises, which further reduced the inflow of customers (Djekic et al., 2014). In addition, in the current business scenario, service industries should concentrate on effective service delivery due to the reason that, nowadays, customers expect properly designed and timely service delivery (Alford Oflynn, 2012). However, in the case of Foody restaurant, average time taken for food delivery is 20 minutes, which can be further reduced to stay ahead in the compet ition. The service design of Foody restaurant is also not as effective as it should be. The employees in Foody restaurant do not have proper uniform and even they do not wear hair covers in delivering the food. Thus, it creates negative impression among the customers along with reducing the service quality. Lack of training and employee benefits is one of the key issues being identified due to the reason that the motivation of the employees in Foody restaurant is not up to the mark (Daley, 2012). Thus, due to the low morale of the employees, the customer service being provided is also not as effective as it should be. Thus, the level of satisfaction for the existing customer is rapidly decreasing. Recommendations It is being recommended that a survey research should be initiated by Foody restaurant in order to effectively determine the requirement of the customers. This will help them to identify the recent change in the taste and preference pattern of the customers. It will help them in offering their services accordingly. In addition, the change in the food menu should be in accordance to the survey report. Thus, the newly initiated food menu will effectively adhere to the market requirements. Restaurants should maintain health and hygiene environment both for the employees as well as for the customers (Stafford, 2017). Thus, in the case of Foody restaurant, they can opt for competitor analysis to identify the gaps or areas for improvement where they are training in the competition. Accordingly, the internal environment should be improved. It will help them to improve the service quality and the satisfaction level of the customers. Proper design of the service delivery is also necessary for the enhancement of the service delivery of Foody restaurant. Dressing of the employees should be in accordance to the segment of the targeted customers. It should be designed in such a way that it will create positive vibe among the customers. The internal ambience should be enhanced. Changes such as lighting, color and internal environment should be effectively maintained. This is due to the reason that, the change in the internal ambience determines the mood of the customers (Ladha, 2017). Initiation of soft music, ambient lighting and matching wall colors will help to enhance the satisfaction level of the customers along with increasing the customer loyalty. Initiation of effective employee welfare schemes will help to increase the morale and motivation of the employees. It is required due to the reason that, the customers are having dissatisfaction due to the negative attitude of the employees. Thus, initiation of training and development programs for the employees will help to equip the employees to deal with the customers effectively. The more will be the employee motivation and development, the more will be the level of service delivery to the customers. Initiation of technologies in the organization is required to enhance the effectiveness of the service delivery. In addition, initiation of the technologies will help to reduce the time taken in service delivery (Noone Coulter, 2012). Customers will receive the service more accurately and timely with the help of the technologies. it will also help the organization in cateri9ng to more number of customers effectively. Conclusion It can be concluded that, Foody restaurant is trailing in the competition in various aspects. The customer satisfaction and loyalty is rapidly decreasing for them. According to the interview report, recommendations are being provided. It is being expected that with the effective implementation of the stated recommendations, they will gain competitive advantages in the market and it will help to regain the lost market share. Reference Alford, J., O'flynn, J. (2012).Rethinking public service delivery: Managing with external providers. Palgrave Macmillan. Daley, D. M. (2012). Strategic human resources management.Public Personnel Management, 120-125. Djekic, I., Smigic, N., Kalogianni, E. P., Rocha, A., Zamioudi, L., Pacheco, R. (2014). Food hygiene practices in different food establishments.Food control,39, 34-40. Haghighi, M., Dorosti, A., Rahnama, A., Hoseinpour, A. (2012). Evaluation of factors affecting customer loyalty in the restaurant industry.African Journal of Business Management,6(14), 5039. Ladha, N. (2017). Retrieved 21 September 2017, from https://www.rancelab.com/blog/how-important-is-the-ambience-of-restaurant-in-success/ Noone, B. M., Coulter, R. C. (2012). Applying modern robotics technologies to demand prediction and production management in the quick-service restaurant sector.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,53(2), 122-133. Schuetz, H. J., Kolisch, R. (2012). Approximate dynamic programming for capacity allocation in the service industry.European Journal of Operational Research,218(1), 239-250. Stafford, L. (2017).Restaurants face full plate of issues in health care law. [online] ajc. Available at: https://www.ajc.com/business/restaurants-face-full-plate-issues-health-care-law/s8uENNw1fRRseUGUl7XwZI/ [Accessed 21 Sep. 2017].

Online Policy Primer

Social networking has become a whirlwind phenomenon that the 21st century population cannot ignore or suspend (Powell, 2009). Among all demographic categories of people, social networking seems to have no barriers, and today, many people around the worlds have become fast receptors of social networking services (Rutledge, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social networking has been enabled largely by advancement in information technology (computers) whereby, internet has become the basic forum where most of interactions take place (McManus, 2010). As a result, there seems to be no boundaries among people, organizations, groups and the larger social environment in using social network services for their various needs (Ryan, 2011). People use social networks differently, but in most cases, social networks have become popular avenues for in teraction, sharing of interests, ideas, events and popular activities that individuals may find interesting or valuable (Lusted, 2011). Some of the current popular social networks include Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, and many more (Lusted, 2011). Key features that most social network exhibit include profile pages on which different individuals identify themselves by posting information concerning them, category pages for messaging, chat forums, and so on, and connection links such as like, join, add, remove, and bloc (Kelsey, 2010). All these features combine to make different social networks popular sites that people have gradually become addicted to. Facebook, as noted above, constitutes one of the popular social network services that individuals around the world use for social connection (Facebook, 2011). And in order to effectively use the services provided by Facebook, users have been required regularly to agree to terms and conditions that Facebook, as a company, has established (Facebook, 2011). The terms and conditions, just like in any other organization, reflect the overall regulatory rules and regulations set by different institutions or bodies, which people are required to abide to. This is always done to ensure rights and freedoms of individuals, groups, organizations, or societies are not abused, instead, they are respected even as one uses Facebook forum. This leads us to ask and subsequently evaluate the basic proposition which states that, why Facebook terms of use would be effective and more so, why is it necessary to choose the particular service or platform.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Answer to the above statement requires a holistic journey of evaluation into the policy of Facebook regarding terms and conditions for usage of the service or site. Facebook, like any other social entity in a pluralistic society, is prone to abuse, where people in different ways may misuse the forum at the disadvantage of other people (Weintraub, 2011; Kumar and Zhang, 2010). In order to limit this, terms of use established by Facebook aim at instituting some level of control on how information and all other aspects can be used. At the same time, terms of use instituted are aimed at effectively regulating commercial use of members’ information (Dixon and Gellman, 2011). Marketing in the 21st century has become tech-hitch and all efforts are done to meet targets at the lowest cost. Given that many people use Facebook, it becomes fertile ground for marketers. And in an effort to protect members, terms of use become appropriate. In the same measure, Facebook terms of use are implemented to effectively ensure protection and operate within legal framework regarding copyright, trademark, publicity, privacy or any other form of individual right (Garfinkel, 2011). Moreover, as the issue of security becomes a global concern, th ere is need for individual protection against all forms of insecurity that may also include hate-speech and discrimination, which Facebook tries to effectively regulate through terms of use (Garfinkel, 2011). On overall, effectiveness of Facebook terms of use aim to ensure sensible promotion, exchange, and usage of information on the site among different individuals that meet social needs of different groups of people within tenets of legal and human rights (Garfinkel, 2011). The need to choose particular service can be perceived to be greatly influenced by the need for effective regulation, monitoring and subsequent guidance, all aimed at ensuring maximum security and observance of human rights for the use of Facebook forum (Bankston, 2009). Given that regulation sometimes becomes a problem especially with advent of sophisticated information technology tools, it can be deduced that choosing a particular service or platform makes it both for the user and owner to ensure security, fr eedom and rights are respected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer – Facebook specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In conclusion, it can be stated that different social networks exist today and although each has different features and usage needs, they all appear to perform a singular role of connecting people worldwide. Nevertheless, Facebook terms of use as an online policy primer have effectively regulated the usage on the forum although some level of criticism has been advanced (Jones, 2009; Bankston, 2009), which calls for future consideration and appropriate modification of the terms of use (BBC News, 2009). References Bankston, K. (2009). Facebook’s new privacy changes: the good, the bad and the ugly. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2009/12/facebooks-new-privacy-changes-good-bad-and-ugly. BBC News. (2009). Facebook faces criticism on privacy change. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8405334.stm. Dixon, P and Gellman, R. (2011). Online Privacy: A Reference Handbook. CA: ABC-CLIO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=KolSg5Cxks8Cpg=PA42dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9ved=0CGMQ6AEwCA#v=onepageq=facebook%20social%20network%20and%20user%20policyf=false. Facebook. (2011). â€Å"Statement of rights and responsibilities†. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/terms.php. Garfinkel, S. L. (2011). â€Å"When private information is not†. Technology Review, Vol. 114, No. 4, p. 63. UK: Cambridge. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=8did=2403238071SrchMode=1sid=2Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1316032896clientId=29440.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jones, K. C. (2009). â€Å"Facebook’s terms of use draw protest†. InformationWeek Article. UBM TechWeb. Retrieved from http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/social_network/214303433. Kelsey, T. (2010). Social Networking spaces: From Facebook to Twitter and everything in between. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=1EgTu8fFMJgCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=6ved=0CFIQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageqf=false. Kumar, A and Zhang, D. (2010). Ethics and policy of biometrics: Third international conference on ethics and policy of biometrics and international data sharing, Hong Kong, January 4-5, 2010. NY: Springer. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=0xwxtr9UM8ACpg=PA89dq=facebook+social+network+and+user+policyhl=enei=DxZxTrzRNc6XOuLNpeUMsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CDsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Lusted, M. A. (2011). Social Networking: Myspace, Facebook, Twitter . NY: ABDO. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Iq9KqQ2mwDQCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=3ved=0CEMQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false. McManus, S. (2010). Social Networking for the older and wiser: Connect with family and friends old and new. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=Oc76tQ-O68oCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CGgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageqf=false. Powell, J. (2009). 33 million people in the room: how to create, influence, and run a successful business with social networking. NJ: Que Publishing. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=rEPGOOwdqjUCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=NxFxTo3aHsyWOrWZiZUJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CDMQ6AEwADgU#v=onepageqf=false. Ryan, P. K. (2011). Social Networking. NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. Retrieved from https://books.g oogle.com/books?id=rshCY6J7E0QCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CEgQ6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false. Rutledge, P. A. (2008). The truth about profiting from social networking. NJ: FT Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=eGnpsd6Aq7kCprintsec=frontcoverdq=SOCIAL+NETWORKINGhl=enei=_QdxTufAJMWM-wbhoJyiCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=2ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepageqf=false. Weintraub, M. (2011). Killer Facebook Ads: Master cutting-edge Facebook advertising techniques. MA: John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=BwjjSK3zwqQCpg=RA1-PA10dq=why+facebook+term+of+use+is+importanthl=enei=gdVwTuCOF8WXOtTGjYgJsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CEcQ6AEwBA#v=onepageqf=false. This essay on Online Policy Primer – Facebook was written and submitted by user Kylie Trujillo to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Online Policy Primer Online policy primer is the so-called docket which is written to inform the users about their rights and abilities while installing or using various electronic sources. The policy describes the rules of various websites which are to be fulfilled to avoid problems with further use. Online policy primer explains the points of the terms of use agreement.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, online policy primer is created to explain the users their rights and the principle of system operation. However, firstly, it is necessary to explain the definition of the term and its importance. Thereby, Kingston (1993) says that â€Å"it is a policy primer – a fact that will be deeply appreciated by professionals and policymakers, as well as the average citizen.† (p. 9) This definition is recognized to be an appropriate one in all the spheres where polic y primer is a must. In accordance with the suggestions of Bloomfield (1982) the main purpose of policy primer is to save time. (p. 11) Thus, there are a lot of examples of policy primer in different Internet sources. The most vivid example to explain the term of policy primer is to tell about the so-called license agreement of one of the websites which is called Twitter. (Online Policy Primer, 2010) For instance, if you want to use the website MySpace.com, you have to read its license agreement firstly. License agreement is a number of instructions which you are to read to become one of the users of the above-mentioned website. MySpace is a popular social network and its policy primer was written to warn the user against the rules violation. The rules of MySpace.com must be read carefully; it is up to you whether you read the instructions or no, but if you press the button Agree, it means that you get familiar with terms of the use agreement. Another important point of the website p olicy primer is that the only person who is responsible for the content of the messages and any other kind of information is a user. There is also a point concerning the copyright. You have no right to use information written by third party only. If you ignore this point, it will entail serious consequences such as account blocking.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It should be mentioned that Google terms of services don’t differ much from various services of MySpace.com. Let’s consider another example. Nowadays many people can earn money through the Internet. There are a lot of various online sources which can help you to understand the basic principles of earnings online. Thus, one of the authors who writes books on how to earn money using the Internet, Mann (2000) states that â€Å"electronic commerce is changing the way businesses and consumers create, se ll, and buy products, and the way they communicate and learn.† It is really true. Earning online differs from other ways of monthly or weekly earning. Thus, in this case the policy primer is the instructions on how to start career online. Another example concerns Google terms of service (Online Policy Primer, Google Terms of Service, 2010). The retrieval system Google, defines a policy primer as the number of rules on how to use computer-aided retrieval system. The system provides you with an ability to use various services and for this reason you are to read them carefully to avoid the problems. The peculiar feature of Google system consists in the fact that in a case you use only one service, you must agree with the policy primer. One can state that Google is eager to know everything about you. Online policy primer is recognized to be a little bit strange. The points of the policy are very relative. For instance, even if you agree with the fundamentals of Google retrieval sy stem, the points of the policy are not reduced to basic assumptions. Unspoken rules tell that Google system hunts you everywhere, so, there is a question: is it so important to create and follow the rules? May be online policy primer should be restricted by some universal points? Thus, the contradictions could be minimized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Online Policy Primer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some points of online policy primer must be changed as well as updated. Reference List Bloomfield, L. P. (1982, Sept). A Modern Primer a Modern Primer. Web. Kingson, E. R., Berkowitz E. D. ( Oct.,1993). Social Security and Medicare: A Policy Primer. Web. Mann, C.L. (2000, July). Global Electronic Commerce: A Policy Primer. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. Online Policy Primer. (2010). Slideshare. Web. This essay on Online Policy Primer was written and submitted by user Michaela Howe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.